The Apocrita (Apocrita) are a suborder Insects, including the most advanced forms of the order Hymenoptera.
thoracic-abdominal region : the distinctive characteristics of Apocrita reside in the morphological structure of the regions of the chest and abdomen, significantly modified from the typical structure of the body of an insect:
The first abdominal segment (urite) contributes to form the chest region: taking on the appearance of fourth thoracic segment, called the propodeum is closely related to the metathorax distinguished morphologically from the rest of the abdomen.
The abdomen is divided into two morphological regions: the petiole before, after the gastro. The petiole becomes the form of a thin stalk, more or less elongated, joining the rest of the abdomen to the chest. Contribute to the formation of the petiole urite II or the II and III urite. Consequently, the apparent abdomen, the gastro, is formed by the remaining uriti, from III or IV. In some
Apocrita, belonging to the superfamily of Calcidoidei, the petiole is rather reduced to the point that the abdomen is apparently sessile. In all other Hymenoptera Apocrita the abdomen is visibly and pedunculated in some taxonomic groups the petiole reaches a considerable length.
ovipositor : The other distinctive feature of the Apocrita is in the morphological structure dell'ovopositore. Training contribute to this body the VIII and IX urite. Morphologically comes with two pairs of ventral-lateral processes which are connected to three pairs of processes VALVE particularly those developed in length. The lateral processes are divided into two pairs of valviferi, formed respectively by the two uriti. Valviveri the first pair of connecting two square-shaped laminar expansions, these square plates. The VALVE are respectively called first, second and third VALVE. The first VALVE merged to form a sheath that runs the pair of second VALVE. The third VALVE, bristly and short sclerotized, forming a sort of box that encloses the other stretched VALVE. The first and second are strongly sclerotized VALVE and form a body, said Terebras, able to penetrate, sometimes very resistant plant tissues such as wood or bark of trees, and other insect cuticle, the epidermis of mammals.
In some taxonomic groups, meeting in the old section of Terebrantia the Terebras is particularly long and is used as an ovipositor. These Apocrita, for most parasites of other arthropods are capable of piercing the material Terebras also very thick and lay their eggs in depth to reach the victims. In the remaining Apocrita, riuniniti aculeata in the old section of the female genital opening is physically separated from the base and dell'ovopositore Terebras lost its original function by transforming into an organ of offense and defense, said sting or sting. The sting in the abdomen is retracted and everted is ready to use.
Mouthparts : the mouthparts are chewing or chewing-lapping-sucking or chewing. In some taxonomic groups (Apoidea) jaws completely lose their original function and are used for other purposes, such as bodies of work or transport, leaving the ligule function of liquid food intake (sucking or lapping mouthparts secondarily) . The Apocrita have different diets. Adults can nutririsi sugary liquid, possibly supplemented by the diet with pollen, or are carnivores (or zoofagi artropofagi), or omnivores. There are few phytophagous forms.
juvenile : larvae are flat base and anophthalmia and morphologically simplified, incapable of independent life. Parasitic forms in carrying out their development inside a host, in phytophagous those within plant tissues (often transformed into galls), or in nests prepared by the female or a real community in social forms. The feeding of larvae that develop in the nests is taken care of by adults and diet is based on victims prey or plant material or pollen-enriched liquid sugar (honey).
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